For high-velocity data, SQL, NoSQL databases are enough and they don't require any optimization. But still, if we need optimization, then I guess we have the normal forms of tables. Tables can be split into normal forms like 2-normal form, 3-normal form, Chomsky normal form, etc. And like that, the data is split realistically and correctly such that you don't have to get any extra thing that you want. If we run a query and we want to get x items from a table, but the table also contains x, y, z, a, b, c, d, there's no use for that. So, splitting of the table and optimizing some of the things internally in the MySQL code.
